Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Matthew Buckham

Justin Morrill (1810-1898) served as a US Representative (1855-1867) and Senator (1867-1898) from Vermont, following a successful business career. His signature legislative accomplishments were the Land Grant Acts of 1862 and 1890, which used the proceeds from the sale of federal lands expropriated from tribal nations, to create land-grant colleges. The purpose of these land-grant colleges was to teach agriculture, military instruction, and mechanical arts such as engineering in addition to the traditional science and classical education that was generally taught in colleges at that time. The second Land Grant Act, passed in 1890, funded colleges in the former Confederate states and required each state to offer race blind admissions or set up a separate land-grant college for persons of color, which led to the creation of several of the historically Black colleges and universities. An additional act passed by Congress in 1887 funded agricultural experiment stations under the direction of the land grant colleges. In 1865, the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College was incorporated, after a great deal of debate about whether a land-grant college in Vermont should be a separate institution, or attached to the University of Vermont, Norwich University, Middlebury College or even possibly a merger of those three institutions. Despite the 1865 incorporation, these debates would continue in Vermont for many years to come. With the establishment of the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, Morrill became a trustee of the University, a position he continued to hold until his death in 1898. Matthew Buckham (1832-1910) became President of the University in 1871 and continued in this role until his death in 1910. He had previously graduated from the University in 1851 and served as a faculty member from 1856-1871. His time as president saw the admission of women to the University, the addition of several notable buildings to campus such as Williams Hall and the Billings Library, and the development of the State Agricultural College which had admitted no students to the agricultural course in the six years before he became President. Morrill and Buckham were frequent correspondents and eighty-two of Morrill’s letters to Buckham, along with three to George Benedict and one to Albert Cummins, are preserved in Buckham’s papers at the University of Vermont and are digitized and transcribed in this collection. The letters included here discuss a wide variety of topics, mostly related to the agricultural college and include: federal support for the University, possible donors, military instruction, Morrill’s views on the development of agricultural colleges around the country, competition with Middlebury and Norwich, Vermont legislation such as the 1890 “divorce bill” which would have separated the State Agricultural College from the University, the experimental farm, the academic progress of Morrill’s son James at the University, and the construction of Billings Library along with the potential acquisition of the library of George Perkins Marsh.

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Miniature of Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, February 24, 1878
Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, February 24, 1878
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    • Creator: Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898.
    • Date Created: 1878-02-24
    • Description: Morrill advises President Buckham on how to approach an upcoming event where there may be some interests in opposition to the University.
    • Parent Collections: Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Buckham
    Miniature of Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, September 20, 1878
    Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, September 20, 1878
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      • Creator: Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898.
      • Date Created: 1878-09-20
      • Description: Topics include 1878 US Senate election contest between Morrill and Luke Poland.
      • Parent Collections: Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Buckham
      Miniature of Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, October 12, 1878
      Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, October 12, 1878
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        • Creator: Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898.
        • Date Created: 1878-10-12
        • Description: Topics include 1878 US Senate election contest between Morrill and Luke Poland, and efforts to remove funding for the State Agricultural College from the University of Vermont.
        • Parent Collections: Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Buckham
        Miniature of Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, December 9, 1878
        Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, December 9, 1878
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          • Creator: Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898.
          • Date Created: 1878-12-09
          • Description: Topics include Morrill's son James sitting for examination at the University of Vermont and the idea of adding a law school to the University.
          • Parent Collections: Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Buckham
          Miniature of Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, March 15, 1879
          Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, March 15, 1879
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            • Creator: Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898.
            • Date Created: 1879-03-15
            • Description: Topics include Morrill's son James education at the University of Vermont and a piece of Senate legislation that would have allowed military officers to become instructors.
            • Parent Collections: Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Buckham
            Miniature of Justin Smith Morrill to George Greenville Benedict, November 13, 1879
            Justin Smith Morrill to George Greenville Benedict, November 13, 1879
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              • Creator: Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898.
              • Date Created: 1879-11-13
              • Description: Topics include the idea of adding a law school to the University.
              • Parent Collections: Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Buckham
              Miniature of Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, March 16, 1882
              Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, March 16, 1882
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                • Creator: Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898.
                • Date Created: 1882-03-16
                • Description: Topics include a discussion about a professor of agriculture and a possible purchase of land for an Experimental Farm.
                • Parent Collections: Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Buckham
                Miniature of Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, January 7, 1886
                Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, January 7, 1886
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                  • Creator: Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898.
                  • Date Created: 1886-01-07
                  • Description: Morrill writes in response to an inquiry from Buckham about President George Atherton of Penn State asking for a $100 contribution toward the expense of looking after the Cutler bill in the House.
                  • Parent Collections: Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Buckham
                  Miniature of Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, September 4, 1888
                  Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, September 4, 1888
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                    • Creator: Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898.
                    • Date Created: 1888-09-04
                    • Description: Morrill writes requesting some background information on the University and Agricultural College, and also tells Buckham that he recommended him to Henry Houghton to write a history of Vermont.
                    • Parent Collections: Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Buckham
                    Miniature of Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, October 26, 1892
                    Justin Smith Morrill to Matthew H. Buckham, October 26, 1892
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                      • Creator: Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898.
                      • Date Created: 1892-10-26
                      • Description: Morrill writes about stalled efforts to separate the Agricultural College from the University and Buckham's plans in regards to "a new Farm, Creamery, and the Mechanic Arts."
                      • Parent Collections: Justin Morrill Letters to UVM President Buckham