Vermonters in the Civil War

Vermont soldiers in the Civil War wrote an enormous quantity of letters and diaries, of which many thousands have survived in libraries, historical societies, and in private hands. This collection represents a selection of letters and diaries from the University of Vermont and the Vermont Historical Society. The collection includes materials dating from 1861-1865. Materials were selected for digitization to provide a variety of perspectives on events and issues. The voices represented in the collection include private soldiers and officers, as well as a few civilians. All of the extant Civil War-era letters or diaries of each of the selected individuals (at least, all that are to be found in the participating institutions’ collections) are included; each adds a certain experience and point of view to the whole. Officers in the photo above are (from left to right): Lieutenant Colonel Charles B. Stoughton, Colonel Edwin H. Stoughton, Major Harry N. Worthen. All are from the Fourth Vermont Infantry Regiment.

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173 Barney, Valentine G., 1834-1889. 149 Rutherford, Joseph Chase, 1818-1902. 144 Farnham, Roswell, 1827-1903. 139 Henry, William Wirt, 1831-1915. 122 Veazey, Wheelock G., 1835-1898. 98 Spafford, Joseph, 1837-1866. 75 Gale, Justus F., 1837-1863. 45 Williams, Lyman S., 1839-1905. 36 Smith, Henry A., d. 1864. 33 Towle, Ransom W., d. 1864. 31 Sparrow, Bradford. 29 Wilder, Henry Harrison. 22 Holbrook, William Cune, 1842-1904. 17 Barstow, John Lester, 1832-1913. 16 Stone, Edward P., 1830-1920. 12 Barton, Lyman, 1839-1936. 12 Quimby, George W., 1835-1862. 11 Heaton, Solomon G. 11 Holbrook, Frederick. 10 Bancroft, Charles F., 1835-1862. 8 Barton, Hiram H., 1836-1903. 7 White, Daniel S., 1837-1912. 6 Blunt, Asa P. 5 Dillingham, Charles, b. 1837. 5 Parmenter, Benjamin F., 1832-1896. 5 Quimby, George W. 4 Farnham, Mary E. 4 Holbrook, W. C. 3 Fairbanks, Erastus. 3 Phelps, John Wolcott. 3 Stone, John M., 1835-1915. 3 Whitmore, Orange S., 1836-1908. 2 Barton, Theodore, 1842-1926. 2 Canning, Charles C., b. 1828. 2 Davis, George F., 1815-1901. 2 Fullam, Volney S. 2 Hitchcock, E. V. N. 2 Leffnis, N. S. 2 Marshall, Ira A., d. 1893. 2 Mason, E. P. 2 May, Albert A. 2 Morrill, Justin S. 2 Spafford, John, b. 1810. 2 Turner, Orlando S., b. 1839. 1 Andross, Dudley K. 1 Bancroft, Charles F., d. 1862. 1 Barton, Lyman. 1 Barton, Theodore. 1 Barton, William H., b. 1826. 1 Baxter, Horace Henry. 1 Beard, Albin. 1 Bliss, Warren E., 1840-1930. 1 Boynton, William H. 1 Browne, A. G. 1 Bruce, Horatio P. 1 Bruidnell, William, b. 1842. 1 Bruidnell, William, b. 1842; Finnegan. 1 Bruidnell, William, b. 1842; Morey. 1 Bush, Joseph. 1 Butler, Benjamin F. 1 Campbell, John W., 1823-1898. 1 Canby, E. R. S. 1 Cannon, Le Grand B. 1 Carter, Frances E. 1 Carter, Justin, d. 1871. 1 Clark, Lawrence D. 1 Dudley, N. A. M. 1 Dutton, Salmon. 1 Foster, Daniel T., 1841-1920; Dewey. 1 Gregg, Charles C., 1832-1910. 1 Halsey, Thomas H. 1 Hayward, Eben S. 1 Heintzleman, S. P. 1 Henry, James Edwin, 1844-1865. 1 Hunt, Leavitt. 1 Jackman, A. 1 Jewett, Albert B., 1829-1887. 1 Johnson, E. T. 1 Jones, John L. T., d. 1883. 1 Joyce, Charles H., 1830-1916. 1 Keith, Alfred H. 1 Legar, Joseph. 1 McDuffee, Mary H. 1 Merriam, John W., d. 1863. 1 Morse, E. A. 1 Murphy, Edward. 1 Murray, B. 1 Peck, David B. 1 Pelton, William W. 1 Perkins, Hiram E. 1 Perkins, Joseph L. 1 Prichard, George; Baldwin, C. C. P.; and Johnson. 1 Putnance, E. 1 Randall, F. V. 1 Reynolds, William B., 1840-1864. 1 Ripley, Wm. Y. W. 1 Samson, Merrill F. 1 Sawyer, Moses W., 1831-1916. 1 Seaton, C. W. 1 Smith, J. Gregory. 1 Spafford, Henry W., 1840-1911. 1 Stannard, George J., 1820-1886. 1 Stoughton, Edwin H. 1 Terry, Henry L., 1820-1885. 1 Thurston, Quincy F., d. 1862. 1 Tuttle, Oscar S. 1 Tyler, Jonathan Curtis. 1 Williams, Francis C. 1 Williams, Nathan A., 1837-1903. 1 Worthen, Harry N. 1 [Farnham], Mary. 1 [Lamuay].

370 Military camps -- Virginia. 295 United States Army -- Military life. 294 Families of military personnel. 252 Armed Forces -- Officers. 141 Diseases. 121 Vermont -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865. 120 Morale. 120 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865. 118 Food. 107 Marching. 106 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 10th (1862-1865). 105 Battle casualties. 91 FarnhamRoswell 1827-1903. 91 VeazeyWheelock G. (Wheelock Graves) 1835-1898. 79 Military pay. 77 Picketing. 72 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 9th (1862-1865). 69 Prisoners of war. 67 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 8th (1861-1865). 64 Confederate States of America Army. 59 Horses. 59 Military camps -- Maryland. 58 Military hospitals. 58 Promotions, Military. 57 Photographs. 48 Drill and minor tactics. 48 Postal service. 48 United States Army -- Surgeons. 47 Love-letters. 47 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 3rd (1861-1865). 41 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Medical care. 41 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 4th (1861-1865). 39 Newspapers. 39 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns. 38 Homesickness. 37 War casualties. 36 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 6th (1861-1864). 35 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Social aspects. 34 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Women. 33 Operational rations (Military supplies). 32 Skirmishing. 30 Military discipline. 30 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 16th (1862-1863). 29 African Americans. 29 Camp Douglas (Ill.). 29 Culpeper County (Va.). 29 Fort Monroe (Va.). 29 Military leaves and furloughs. 29 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Casualties. 26 Military camps -- Louisiana. 26 Military camps -- Vermont. 26 Religion. 24 Military discharge. 24 Recruiting and enlistment. 24 Soldiers -- Alcohol use. 24 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Destruction and pillage. 24 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 12th (1862-1863). 23 New Orleans (La.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865. 23 Yorktown (Va.). 21 Courts-martial and courts of inquiry -- United States. 21 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 1st (1861). 20 Steamboats. 19 Desertion, Military. 19 Rumor. 19 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Military reconnaissance. 19 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 7th (1862-1866). 18 McClellanGeorge Brinton 1826-1885. 18 Military chaplains. 18 Pillage. 18 Sutlers. 17 Draft -- United States. 17 Military camps -- Washington (D.C.). 17 Newport (N.C.). 16 African American soldiers. 16 Armies -- Medical and sanitary affairs. 15 Guerrilla warfare. 15 Intrenchments. 15 Medicine, Military. 15 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 5th (1861-1865). 15 Winchester (Va.). 15 Women in war. 14 Chicago (Ill.). 14 Ship Island (Miss.). 14 Slaves. 13 MosbyJohn Singleton 1833-1916. 13 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons. 12 Butler(Benjamin Franklin) Mr 1818-1893. 12 Patriotism. 12 War -- Psychological aspects. 11 Brandy Station (Va.). 11 Contraband of war. 11 DillinghamEdwin 1839-1864. 11 Railroad trains. 11 Suffolk (Va.). 10 Gettysburg Campaign, 1863. 10 Military deserters. 10 Peninsular Campaign, 1862. 10 Prisoner-of-war camps. 10 SmithJ. Gregory (John Gregory) 1818-1891. 10 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 2nd (1861-1865). 10 War -- Economic aspects. 9 Friendly fire (Military science). 9 GrantUlysses S. (Ulysses Simpson) 1822-1885. 9 Grief. 9 HookerJoseph 1814-1879. 9 Reporters and reporting. 9 Richmond (Va.). 9 United States Army. Vermont Brigade, 1st (1861-1865). 9 Vicksburg (Miss.). 8 Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862. 8 Children and war. 8 Fugitive slaves. 8 Military maneuvers. 8 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Songs and music. 8 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 7th (1862-1866). Company C. 8 Washington (D.C.). 7 Baton Rouge (La.) -- History -- Siege, 1862. 7 Copperhead movement. 7 Executions and executioners. 7 Gettysburg, Battle of, Gettysburg, Pa., 1863. 7 Port Hudson (La.) -- History -- Siege, 1863. 7 Slavery. 7 United States Army of the Potomac. 7 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 9th (1862-1865). Company B. 6 Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861. 6 Cedar Creek (Va.). 6 Draftees. 6 Harpers Ferry (W. Va.). 6 LeeRobert E. (Robert Edward) 1807-1870. 6 McClellan George Brinton 1826-1885. 6 Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1864-1865. 6 Rivers. 6 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 15th (1862-1863). 5 Amputation. 5 BanksNathaniel Prentiss 1816-1894. 5 Big Bethel, Battle of, Va., 1861. 5 Bounties, Military. 5 Carver General Hospital (Washington, D.C.). 5 Fredericksburg, Battle of, Fredericksburg, Va., 1862. 5 Hardtack. 5 New Bern (N.C.). 5 Sharpshooters. 4 Abolitionists -- United States -- History -- 19th century. 4 Cedar Creek, Battle of, Va., 1864. 4 Fair Oaks, Battle of, Va., 1862. 4 Fort Jackson (La.). 4 Military camps -- Illinois. 4 Military camps -- North Carolina. 4 Military funerals. 4 Photographers. 4 PopeJohn 1822-1892. 4 Racism. 4 Secession -- Southern States. 4 Spotsylvania (Va.). 4 StannardGeorge Jerrison 1820-1886. 4 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans. 3 BurnsideAmbrose Everett 1824-1881. 3 Butler (Benjamin Franklin) Mr 1818-1893. 3 Capitulations, Military. 3 ChandlerCharles G. 3 Fort Henry, Battle of, Tenn., 1862. 3 Fort Saint Philip (La.). 3 Fortification. 3 Fraternization. 3 Freedmen. 3 HolbrookFrederick 1813-1909. 3 Hooker, Joseph 1814-1879. 3 LeeRobert E. (Robert Edward) 1807-1870 -- Assassination. 3 MeadeGeorge Gordon 1815-1872. 3 Merrimack (Frigate). 3 Military camps -- Mississippi. 3 Seven Days' Battles, Va., 1862. 3 SheridanPhilip Henry 1831-1888. 3 Soldiers -- Suicidal behavior. 3 Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of, Va., 1864. 3 StoughtonEdwin H. (Edwin Henry) 1838-1868. 3 StuartJeb 1833-1864. 3 Tents. 3 ThompsonLucian D. 1831-1864. 3 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Flags. 3 United States Army. Vermont Brigade, 2nd (1862-1863). 3 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 5th (1861-1865) Company F. 3 Wilderness, Battle of the, Va., 1864. 3 Winchester, 3rd Battle of, Winchester, Va., 1864. 3 Wistar, Isaac J. (Isaac Jones) 1827-1905. 2 Antietam, Battle of, Md., 1862. 2 Burlington (Vt.). 2 Burnside, Ambrose Everett 1824-1881. 2 Coal Harbor (Va.). 2 Cold Harbor (Va.). 2 DillinghamPaul. 2 EarlyJubal Anderson 1816-1894. 2 Fisher's Hill, Battle of, Va., 1864. 2 Fort Bisland (La.). 2 Fort Pike (La.). 2 Fredericksburg (Va.). 2 Frost Edwin B. 2 FrostEdwin B. 2 GriersonBenjamin Henry 1826-1911. 2 HancockWinfield Scott 1824-1886. 2 JacksonStonewall 1824-1863. 2 Meade, George Gordon 1815-1872. 2 Monitor (Ironclad). 2 Monocacy, Battle of, Md., 1864. 2 Musicians. 2 Patent medicines. 2 Poetry. 2 Portsmouth (Va.). 2 Ripley, James W. (James Wolfe) 1794-1870. 2 Rosecrans, William S. (William Starke) 1819-1898. 2 Savage's Station, Battle of, Va., 1862. 2 Sheep. 2 Stannard, George Jerrison 1820-1886. 2 Stones River, Battle of, Murfreesboro, Tenn., 1862-1863. 2 Suffolk (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1863. 2 Traitors. 2 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, Juvenile. 2 United States Army -- Flags. 2 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 11th (1862-1865). 2 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 14th (1862-1863). 2 United States Christian Commission. 2 United States Sanitary Commission. 2 Vermont Governor (1861-1863 : Holbrook). 2 War victims. 1 African Americans -- Social conditions. 1 Andersonville Prison. 1 Antislavery movements. 1 Banks Nathaniel Prentiss 1816-1894. 1 Baptism. 1 BeauregardG. T. (Gustave Toutant) 1818-1893. 1 Boyd, Belle 1844-1900. 1 Bragg, Braxton 1817-1876. 1 Brandy Station, Battle of, Brandy Station, Va., 1863. 1 Bristoe Station, Battle of, Va., 1863. 1 Butler, (Benjamin Franklin) Mr 1818-1893. 1 Chandler Charles G. 1 Cold Harbor, Battle of, Va., 1864. 1 Corcoran, Michael 1827-1863. 1 Cowardice. 1 Crampton's Gap, Battle of, Md., 1862. 1 Dillingham Edwin 1839-1864. 1 Elmore (Vt.). 1 Fort Donelson, Battle of, Tenn., 1862. 1 Fort Pillow (Tenn.). 1 Fort Stevens (Washington, D.C.). 1 Foster John G. (John Gray) 1823-1874. 1 Frederick (Md.). 1 Front Royal (Va.). 1 Grant Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson) 1822-1885. 1 Gunboats. 1 Hancock Winfield Scott 1824-1886. 1 Holbrook Frederick 1813-1909. 1 HoodJohn Bell 1831-1879. 1 Hopewell (Va.) -- City Point. 1 Lee William Henry Fitzhugh 1837-1891. 1 McClellan, George Brinton 1826-1885. 1 Meade George Gordon 1815-1872. 1 Mine Run Campaign, Va., 1863. 1 Mitchell, Maggie 1837-1918. 1 Morehead City (N.C.). 1 Naglee, Henry M. (Henry Morris) 1815-1886. 1 Nashville, Battle of, Nashville, Tenn., 1864. 1 Pleasanton A. J. (Alfred J.) 1824-1897. 1 Pope, John 1822-1892. 1 Presidents -- Assassination. 1 Prisoner-of-war escapes. 1 Red River (Tex.-La.). 1 Red River Expedition, 1864. 1 Reynolds William B. 1840-1864. 1 Roanoke Island (N.C.) -- History -- Capture, 1862. 1 Saltville, 1st Battle of, Va., 1864. 1 Shiloh, Battle of, Tenn., 1862. 1 Shooters of firearms. 1 Slavery -- United States -- History. 1 Smith J. Gregory (John Gregory) 1818-1891. 1 Smith, William Farrar 1824-1903. 1 Spinola F. B. (Francis Barretto) 1821-1891. 1 Surgery, Military. 1 SwisshelmJane Grey Cannon 1815-1884. 1 ThomasStephen 1809-1903. 1 Trench warfare. 1 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Atrocities. 1 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Conscientious objectors. 1 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Poetry. 1 United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Secret service. 1 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 10th (1862-1865). Company B. 1 United States Army. Vermont Infantry Regiment, 4th (1861-1865) Company B. 1 Vermont Adjutant and Inspector General's Office. 1 WhiteElijah V. (Elijah Viers) 1832-1907. 1 Winchester, 1st Battle of, Winchester, Va., 1862 (May 25).

1338 text
Miniature of John Lester Barstow to Laura
John Lester Barstow to Laura
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    • Creator: Barstow, John Lester, 1832-1913.
    • Date Created: 1864-02-04
    • Description: Topics include the warming of days but continued nightly chills and fever, and the suspense in camp over replacement soldiers, talk of regimen reenlisting.
    • Parent Collections: Vermonters in the Civil War, John Lester Barstow Correspondence
    Miniature of Roswell Farnham to ?
    Roswell Farnham to ?
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      • Creator: Farnham, Roswell, 1827-1903.
      • Date Created: 1862-09-22
      • Description: A special order for the Twelfth Regiments to report to Brattleboro.
      • Parent Collections: Vermonters in the Civil War, Roswell Farnham Correspondence
      Miniature of Roswell Farnham to Laura
      Roswell Farnham to Laura
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        • Creator: Farnham, Roswell, 1827-1903.
        • Date Created: 1862-10-05
        • Description: Topics include Roswell Farnham being concerned about his sister Laura‚Äôs health.
        • Parent Collections: Vermonters in the Civil War, Roswell Farnham Correspondence
        Miniature of Roswell Farnham to Mary [Farnham]
        Roswell Farnham to Mary [Farnham]
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          • Creator: Farnham, Roswell, 1827-1903.
          • Date Created: 1862-10-12
          • Description: Topics include buying necessities for camp, the movement of the regiments around them, and the anticipation of several hours of battalion drills.
          • Parent Collections: Vermonters in the Civil War, Roswell Farnham Correspondence
          Miniature of Roswell Farnham to [Mary Farnham]
          Roswell Farnham to [Mary Farnham]
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            • Creator: Farnham, Roswell, 1827-1903.
            • Date Created: 1862-10-17
            • Description: Topics include performing several hours of battalion drills and reviews, rumors that the regiment will remain in Washington through the winter, and inquiries about the people at home.
            • Parent Collections: Vermonters in the Civil War, Roswell Farnham Correspondence
            Miniature of Roswell Farnham to [Mary Farnham]
            Roswell Farnham to [Mary Farnham]
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              • Creator: Farnham, Roswell, 1827-1903.
              • Date Created: 1862-10-26
              • Description: Topics include the improvement of Roswell Farnham‚Äôs foot injury and money issues at home.
              • Parent Collections: Vermonters in the Civil War, Roswell Farnham Correspondence
              Miniature of Roswell Farnham to Mary [Farnham]
              Roswell Farnham to Mary [Farnham]
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                • Creator: Farnham, Roswell, 1827-1903.
                • Date Created: 1862-11-16
                • Description: Topics include arranging for Mary Farnham and Colonel Blunt‚Äôs wife to travel to camp to visit and what they should bring.
                • Parent Collections: Vermonters in the Civil War, Roswell Farnham Correspondence
                Miniature of Roswell Farnham to Mary [Farnham]
                Roswell Farnham to Mary [Farnham]
                Image nop
                  • Creator: Farnham, Roswell, 1827-1903.
                  • Date Created: 1862-11-17
                  • Description: Topics include arranging for Mary Farnham to come visit camp with either Mrs. Blunt or Mrs. Vaughn and the necessary arrangements.
                  • Parent Collections: Vermonters in the Civil War, Roswell Farnham Correspondence
                  Miniature of E. P. Mason to [Asa P.] Blunt
                  E. P. Mason to [Asa P.] Blunt
                  Image nop
                    • Creator: Mason, E. P.
                    • Description: Topics include E. P. Mason asking Roswell Farnham for his help in protecting his sick family.
                    • Parent Collections: Vermonters in the Civil War, Roswell Farnham Correspondence
                    Miniature of Roswell Farnham to [Mary Farnham]
                    Roswell Farnham to [Mary Farnham]
                    Image nop
                      • Creator: Farnham, Roswell, 1827-1903.
                      • Date Created: 1861-08-15
                      • Description: Farnham writes from Camp Phelps in Brattleboro to wife Mary about the possibility of mustering out, of the men getting paid, and Col. Phelps now General Phelps.
                      • Parent Collections: Vermonters in the Civil War, Roswell Farnham Correspondence