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2 Group portraits 2 Portrait photographs 2 University of Vermont 2 University of Vermont -- Periodicals 2 Vermont 1 Agricultural education 1 Agricultural price supports -- Law and legislation -- United States 1 Agriculture -- Research 1 Barns 1 Blackface entertainers 1 Burlington (Vt.) -- Maps 1 Burlington (Vt.) -- Newspapers 1 Butter trade 1 Camping 1 Caricatures and cartoons 1 Clothing and dress -- Japan 1 Cookbooks 1 Cooking (Maple sugar and syrup) 1 Country life 1 Dance 1 Danville, (Vt.) 1 Greek letter societies 1 Hay 1 Hay--Harvesting 1 Haying equipment 1 Hiking 1 Horses 1 Houses 1 Humor 1 Inclusive education 1 Inclusive education--Caricatures and cartoons 1 Inclusive education--Humor 1 Lifestyles -- Japan 1 Long Trail (Vt.) 1 Lumber industry 1 Maple 1 Maple Syrup 1 Maple Syrup industry 1 Maple sugar industry 1 Margarine -- Law and legislation 1 Margarine -- Taxation -- United States 1 Milk -- Prices 1 Milk trade -- United States 1 Mills 1 North America--United States--Vermont 1 Portraits 1 Race relations 1 Racism 1 Railroad bridges 1 Railroads 1 Special education 1 Special education--Caricatures and cartoons 1 Special education--Humor 1 Stereotypes (Social psychology) 1 Students 1 Trails 1 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture and Forestry 1 University of Vermont -- Newspapers 1 University of Vermont -- Students -- Newspapers 1 University of Vermont -- Students -- Periodicals 1 University of Vermont--students 1 University of Vermont--students--yearbooks 1 Vermont -- Burlington 1 Vermont -- Newspapers 1 Winter 1 Women 1 Women -- Vermont -- Periodicals 1 Women's periodicals

1 Danville, (Vt.)

1 1986-2007
Miniature of Dairy and the US Congress
Dairy and the US Congress
    • Creator: Aiken, George D. (George David), 1892-1984
    • Date Created: 1941-1975
    • Description: This collection documents legislative issues relating to dairy such as milk pricing, subsidies, and oleomargarine. Vermont's congressional delegation has a long and active history in matters relating to Vermont's dairy farmers and the dairy industry. George Aiken, Elbert Brigham, James Jeffords, and Patrick Leahy all served on Agriculture committees and their collections document many of the agricultural issues that faced Congress in the 20th Century.
    Collection
    Miniature of The Gadfly: a UVM student newspaper
    The Gadfly: a UVM student newspaper
      • Date Created: 1985-1997
      • Description: The Gadfly, a University of Vermont (UVM) alternative student newspaper, was published by a nonhierarchical collective from 1985 to 1997. The Gadfly Collective, a recognized student club, was part of the Union of Concerned Students, which served as a coordinating group and resource center for progressive student groups at UVM. A quote from Plato on the masthead explained the paper’s title and mission, “I was attached to this city as upon a great noble horse, which was somewhat sluggish because of its size and needed to be stirred up by a kind of gadfly.” The paper’s frequency varied from semi-weekly, to monthly and then quarterly. After a 16-month hiatus beginning in late 1994, The Gadfly reappeared in March 1996 “to educate, uncover lies and invoke action.” The last issue appeared in February 1997. The Gadfly challenged the UVM community by presenting alternative viewpoints about issues on campus, in Burlington and Vermont. It also addressed national and international areas of concern. The paper published articles, commentaries and essays, interviews, art, letters, poetry and announcements about community events. Members of the collective and the community contributed content, but The Gadfly also reprinted articles from other publications. As a forum for debate, The Gadfly tackled controversial campus issues such as divestment, racism and diversity, military recruiting, policies and decision making, labor, and student activism.
      Collection
      Miniature of Maple Research Collection
      Maple Research Collection
        • Creator: Proctor Maple Research Center, Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station.
        • Date Created: 1890-1988
        • Description: This collection documents the history of maple research at the University of Vermont. Included in the collection is a selection of photographs from the archives of the Proctor Maple of Vermont (UVM), and the first permanent maple research facility in the United States. The photographs, taken between 1948-1957, document the construction of the field station’s first sugarhouse, as well as the PMRC sugar bush and early maple experiments. Also included in the collection are the published University of Vermont Agricultural Extension bulletins on maple research (1890-1988), taken from both the Proctor Maple Research Center archive and the University of Vermont Libraries Department of Special Collections. Maple research in Vermont has a long history, dating back to the early 1890s, when C. H. (Charles Howard) Jones, head of the UVM Agricultural Experiment Station and a prominent early maple sugar chemist, conducted seminal research on the biology of maple trees to better understand the sap flow mechanism and its dependence on meteorological changes, as well as the considerable variance in sap sugar content. In 1946, James Marvin and Fred Taylor founded the Proctor Maple Research Center with a donation by Governor Mortimer Proctor of the former “Harvey Farm” in Underhill Center, Vermont, to UVM. For the first year of operation, research on sap flow, maple tree physiology, and the economics of maple production were conducted in an 8’ x 12’ shed. In 1948, the first sugarhouse was constructed to allow research on syrup production techniques, followed several years later by the C.H. Jones Laboratory (which served as the primary research laboratory until it burned down in 1998). Through the years, the PMRC has had its fair share of prominent maple researchers, scientists and educators, including Frederick Laing, whose research helped develop and improve methods of installing plastic tubing and directed improvements in using vacuum pumps to increase sap yields, and Mariafranca Morselli, who brought a greater understanding to the role of microorganisms in determining syrup grade, as well as developing methods to detect adulteration of maple syrup by adding other sugars. In 1999, the PMRC was named to the National Register of Historic Places, and today houses facilities that include an 8,000 square foot laboratory and a demonstration and research sugarhouse, as well as the original research shed.
        Collection
        Miniature of Kake Walk at UVM
        Kake Walk at UVM
          • Date Created: 1896-2004
          • Description: The Kake Walk at UVM collection documents a racist event held at the University of Vermont that was the highlight of the campus social calendar for over eighty years. Annual Kake Walk performances featured fraternity brothers in blackface and kinky wigs dancing to the tune of "Cotton Babes." The items in this digital collection were selected from holdings in the University Archives in 2010 by Robin Katz, Digital Initiatives Outreach Librarian, and Dr. Brian Gilley, Anthropology Professor and Director of the ALANA US Ethnic Studies Program. They are presented here to acknowledge and shine a light on a painful part of the University’s past and to highlight the protests which eventually resulted in its termination. In 2010, while the digital collection was being developed, students enrolled in Katz’s and Gilley’s ALANA US Ethnic Studies course, "Curating Kake Walk: Race, Memory, and Representation," contributed to this collection overview. In a statement reflective of class discussions and opinions, one group wrote that the Kake Walk at UVM materials "should be seen not as encouraging racism, but as an opportunity to learn from insensitivities from the past that can help us build a more unified future.”

            Kake Walk History

            UVM's Kake Walk dates to the early 1890s when it resembled the popular American minstrel show. A dance known as the cakewalk, by then a standard act in minstrel theatre, originated on plantations as a competition among slaves. The pair that most entertained their white owners would be awarded cake. The cakewalk later evolved into a refined social dance whose accompanying music was a predecessor to ragtime. UVM's Kake Walk departed from these styles, however, to become its own unique tradition. Early Kake Walks featured a pair of men in costume (one in drag) wearing blackface. In addition to the "a walkin' fo' de kake" competition, the event included grotesque stunts and a peerade; skits were soon added. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Winter Carnival weekend grew to include the election of a King and Queen and a snow sculpture competition. After World War II, male walkers wore suits in the colors of their fraternity known as "silks." The judging was codified as the high-stepping dances became more and more stylized. By the 1960s, the three-day festival also included a ball, a jazz concert, and winter sporting events. Local merchants benefited from the influx of returning alumni and visiting guests, and the organizing committee made significant profits. Kake Walk was governed by fraternity brothers known as Directors, as well as a female student appointed Secretary. Professors James Loewen and Larry McCrorey date dissent concerning Kake Walk to as early as 1954 when Phi Sigma Delta first refused to wear blackface. Various statements opposing Kake Walk were printed in the student newspaper The Vermont Cynic, published in local papers, and delivered at public events; two students picketed the last performance. In 1963, the Interfraternity Council (IFC) voted to eliminate blackface in favor of light green makeup but to continue using dialect. In 1964, due to audience complaints, the makeup was changed again to a darker green which, in black and white photographs, is impossible to distinguish from blackface. In 1969, due to successive decisions by a student-faculty committee, the Student Association, and the IFC, Kake Walk was officially eliminated from the Winter Carnival weekend.

            Detailed Description of Collection

            This digital collection contains a selection of records from the University Archives such as event invitations, recruitment flyers, documentation of ticket requests, press releases, financial records, committee minutes, and director's reports. There are several representative examples of correspondence from alumni and community members responding to the discontinuation of Kake Walk. Some notable records include the 1964 document "A New Face," which announces the switch to dark green makeup after one year of light green; the results of the 1969 student opinion poll on the future of Kake Walk; the October 31, 1969 announcement eliminating Kake Walk from the Winter Carnival weekend; and a 1977 letter describing the Greek and Panhellenic vote to oppose any Kake Walk revivals. Fourteen student newspapers from the University of Vermont are included in this collection. Every year, The Vermont Cynic produced a Kake Walk special edition. A sampling of papers from 1923 - 1977 were selected for this digital collection, as well as an article from 2004. The Cynics include some advertisements and articles unrelated to Kake Walk, but the majority of the papers' contents document Winter Carnival planning, activities, and participants. Some of the later newspapers, such as the 1954 Cynic, include debates around Kake Walk and voices of dissent. Twenty-one Kake Walk programs ranging from 1898 to 1970 document the increasingly well-designed and expensively-produced publications. The programs contain information about winter carnival events, judges, committee members, participants, scorecards, royalty candidates, and awards. The programs include advertisements from local businesses, photographs of activities and participants, and various accounts of the history of Kake Walk. Blackface first appeared on a program cover in 1938 and was depicted on subsequent publications, with varying degrees of realism, until the last performance in 1969. Researchers will notice two parody programs: a 1922 publication imitating a Communist "rag" and a 1924 program entitled “The Bohemian Meow.” The program for the 1970 film festival which replaced Kake Walk is also included. More than one hundred photographs taken during the last decade of the University of Vermont's Winter Carnival are available in this collection. The photos were most likely taken by staff and student enthusiasts to document and publicize the committee's production work, Winter Carnival events, and Kake Walk performances. In some cases, professional photographers may have been hired. This collection also includes many non-traditional archival formats. Starting around 1912, all Kake Walkers choreographed their high-stepping dances to the syncopated tune of "Cotton Babes." A 10 inch 78 rpm record of this signature musical piece has been digitized and made available online. Originally composed by Percy Weinrich, this version of the song was arranged by UVM Band Director Joseph Lechnyr. A bronze Kake Walk trophy and fraternity drinking souvenirs such as a metal cup and a ceramic jug represent the many artifacts associated with this event. In 2004, the Howe Library held an exhibit entitled "UVM's Past: The Legacy of Kake Walk." This collection makes available exhibit materials archived at UVM, including newspaper articles which may have been on display, draft exhibit labels, and a notebook containing visitor comments.

            Processing Information

            Undergraduate and continuing education students enrolled in the summer 2010 ALANA US Ethnic Studies course "Curating Kake Walk: Race, Memory, and Representation" contributed to this collection overview and provided subject headings describing many of the collection's digital objects. They also developed several criteria in order to select the original collection image thumbnail. In a statement reflective of class discussions and opinions, one group wrote that the Kake Walk at UVM materials "should be seen not as encouraging racism, but as an opportunity to learn from insensitivities from the past that can help us build a more unified future.”

            Suggested Readings

            For more information about the Kake Walk tradition at UVM and this digital collection, see the following: Katz, Robin M. “Teaching Cultural Memory: Using and Producing Digitized Archival Material in an Online Course” in Past or Portal? Enhancing Undergraduate Learning through Special Collections and Archives, edited by Eleanor Mitchell et al. Association of College & Research Libraries, 2012. Loewen, James. "The Black Image in White Vermont: The Origin, Meaning, and Abolition of Kake Walk" in The University of Vermont: The First Two Hundred Years, edited by Robert Daniels et al. University of Vermont: Distributed by University Press of New England / University of Vermont, 1991. This chapter is included in this digital collection. At the time this collection launched in 2010, it was the only known scholarly work on Kake Walk. McCrorey, H. Lawrence. “The History of Racism at UVM: the Vermont Paradox,” speech given on February 19, 2004 in the University of Vermont’s Bailey/Howe Library. University Archives, Record Group 53: Fraternities and Sororities, Series: Kake Walk. This speech is included in this digital collection. Spees, Emil R. "Kake Walk Data" in University Archives, Record Group 53: Fraternities and Sororities, Series: Kake Walk. This document, which compiles minutes and published information on committees, judges, programs, receipts, rules, and walkers, is included in this digital collection. Tunc, Tanfir Emin. “Kake Walk on Kampus: Ritualizing Racism or Commemorating Tradition at the University of Vermont?” in We are what we remember : the American past through commemoration, edited by Jeffrey Lee Merriwether and Laura Mattoon D’Amore. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012

            Updates

            Collections description, thumbnail image, banner image, and suggested readings updated in April 2025 by the Silver Special Collections Library’s reparative description working group.
          Collection
          Miniature of UVM Web Archive - Pilot
          UVM Web Archive - Pilot
          Collection
          Miniature of Out in the Mountains
          Out in the Mountains
            • Date Issued: 1986-2007
            • Description: Out in the Mountains was the only LGBT focused newspaper in Vermont from early 1986 to January of 2007 when the last issue was released. The newspaper provided a forum for a diverse LGBT community to stay connected, covered issues facing the community such as violence, isolation and HIV, and discussed policy and organizing efforts to battle discrimination against LGBT people in Vermont and in the United States as a whole. Some significant milestones for LGBT rights in Vermont covered by Out in the Mountains include the passage of Civil Unions and the Vermont Employment Non-Discrimination Act. The newspaper featured ongoing advice and dating column, a series of coming out stories, a column for youth writers, LGBT cartoonists including Alison Bechdel, and profiles of prominent community members. The newspaper refused to print advertisements for alcohol or cigarettes, and ran advertisements for safer sex practices. Out in the Mountains ceased publication due to financial difficulties.
            Collection
            Miniature of Long Trail Photographs
            Long Trail Photographs
              • Creator: Congdon, Herbert Wheaton, 1876-1965, Dean, Theron S.
              • Date Created: 2010-03-09
              • Description: The Long Trail Collection includes over 900 images of the oldest long-distance hiking trail in the United States: Vermont’s Long Trail. The collection is mainly comprised of black-and-white and hand-colored lantern slides derived from photographs taken between 1912 and 1937. It documents the Green Mountain Club’s building of original trails and shelters and illustrates the enthusiasm for the Long Trail project (and hiking in general) at the turn of the century. These images chronicle the views and landscapes seen by early hikers of the Long Trail and provide an historical record of people associated with the Green Mountain Club’s formative years. The images in this collection were captured by Green Mountain Club members Theron S. Dean and Herbert Wheaton Congdon, both of whom were early contributors to the trail’s development. Congdon surveyed and mapped a large portion of the early trail including a fifty mile stretch from Middlebury Gap to Bolton. Congdon, along with Leroy Little and Clarence Cowles, is also credited with the first winter ascent of Mount Mansfield on February 21, 1920. Dean is perhaps the most prolific documenter of the Long Trail’s development. Dean traveled throughout Vermont presenting slideshows and giving talks about the Long Trail, often to hundreds of people. A number of the original lantern slides in this collection were used by Congdon and Dean in their Long Trail presentations. Dean in particular meticulously cultivated his lantern slide collection and displayed these slides during his many talks. The original slides can be viewed in the Dean and Congdon collections at the University of Vermont Silver Special Collections Library. More information about the Long Trail can be obtained from the Green Mountain Club. The slides were scanned by the University's Landscape Change Program with the generous support of the National Science Foundation. The digitized photographs also appear in the Landscape Change image database at: http://www.uvm.edu/landscape/
              Collection
              Miniature of Absurdities and Realities of Special Education
              Absurdities and Realities of Special Education
                • Creator: Giangreco, Michael F., 1956-
                • Date Created: 1998-2020
                • Description: Absurdities and Realities of Special Education: This collection is a complete set of all of the cartoons created by Michael Giangreco with the assistance of the artist Kevin Ruelle. This includes a total of 335 cartoons from four previously published books and searchable CD that went "out of print" in 2019 and a few newer cartoons. Michael Giangreco created the original ideas, text, and sketches for each cartoon and Kevin Ruelle redrew the sketches. The cartoons in the first three books all were originally in black and white. That was a conscious decision, both for aesthetic and practical reasons. The cartoons were designed to be easily copied on to overhead transparencies for display in classes, workshops, and other learning environments. A group called Alliance for Inclusive Education (ALLFIE) requested permission to use one of the cartoons on the cover of their magazine and subsequently colorized it. Prompted by Giangreco’s colleagues associated with ALLFIE, Giangreco and Ruelle began to colorize the rest of the images. In this complete digital collection, we have included a total of 335 different digital images; including the 315 different cartoons from the four earlier books, 12 cartoons that were on the CD only, and eight that were not included in any of the previously published books or CD. Cartoons from the early books have found their way on to the pages of many newsletters disseminated by schools, parent groups, disability advocacy organizations, and professional associations. They have appeared in books, manuals, and journals; a few were even published in a law journal. The cartoons have been used extensively as projected slides or within learning activities in college classes, at conferences, in workshops, and at other meetings. Parents have framed cartoons that closely reflected their own experiences and hung them in their homes or offices. Other parents have used them in meetings with professionals to help get their points across. They have been given as gifts to people who "get it" and handed out as door prizes. The Vermont Coalition for Disability Rights used them as part of "Disability Awareness Day" at the Vermont legislature. The cartoons can be used in innumerable creative ways.
                Collection
                Miniature of John Johnson Collection
                John Johnson Collection
                  • Creator: Johnson, John, 1771-1842
                  • Date Created: 1793-1842
                  • Description: The John Johnson Collection consists of 168 maps, surveys, and architectural drawings. The items included here represent every town in Chittenden County, as well as much of the rest of northwestern Vermont. The original items are in the Oversize Maps and Surveys series in the John Johson Papers, which also contain seven cartons of records divided into the following broad categories: correspondence; business papers; architectural plans and drawings; maps and surveys; bound manuscripts; and miscellaneous papers. More information about the John Johnson Papers is available here - http://scfindingaids.uvm.edu/repositories/2/resources/1249 John Johnson -- surveyor, millwright, master builder, civil engineer -- was born in Canterbury, New Hampshire on December 2, 1771. He moved to north-western Vermont in 1790 and eventually settled in Essex, where he helped build a dam and several mills at Hubbells Falls on the Winooski River. Johnson's practical versatility soon made him the most prominent surveyor and engineer in northern Vermont and Lower Canada, and the growing demand for his services led him to move to Burlington in 1809. He was named Surveyor General of Vermont in 1813, and four years later received the appointment of superintendent of the survey of the United States-Canada border from the Bay of Fundy to the head of the Connecticut River. Although the survey was suspended after two years, Johnson's work along the Maine-New Brunswick line in 1818-19 served as a partial basis for the final settlement of the border under the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1842. Johnson maintained his several careers in the 1820's and 1830's. He designed or constructed many of the finest residences and public buildings in Chittenden County, served as a consultant on engineering projects as far away as North Carolina and Illinois, and continued to run surveys throughout northern Vermont. He also served again as Surveyor General of the state in the 1830's, and worked throughout that decade as an inspector for the Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Johnson died of sudden attack of erysipelas fever on April 30, 1842 at the age of seventy.
                  Collection
                  Miniature of Fire Insurance Maps of Vermont
                  Fire Insurance Maps of Vermont
                    • Date Created: 1869-1922
                    • Description: This collection contains large-scale maps of Vermont villages and cities produced to give fire insurance companies and underwriters accurate information about insured properties. The collection currently includes maps of communities in Chittenden and Franklin Counties that were published from 1869 to 1922. Maps from other Vermont communities will be added in the future. The detailed maps provide an important historical record of industrial areas, business districts, and some residential sections. Because most insurance maps were periodically updated and revised, they provide evidence of changes that occurred during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The colored 21 x 25 inch sheets show building footprints, construction methods and materials, size and number of floors, and uses. They also show streets, railroads, wharves and slips, property boundaries, street numbers, water systems and fire protection. Most map sets include an index sheet showing the mapped area and sheet numbers, a list of streets and addresses, a “specials index” of businesses and organizations, and a detailed key that lists the symbols used to indicate building features. Original Vermont fire insurance maps, including maps published after 1922, are available in UVM Special Collections - http://specialcollections.uvm.edu/
                    Collection